The 1939 German Cross, often referred to simply as the “German Cross,” was a military decoration instituted by Adolf Hitler in 1939. This unique award recognized acts of valor and merit by members of the Wehrmacht, the armed forces of Nazi Germany, during World War II. The design, symbolism, and criteria for receiving the 1939 German Cross offer a glimpse into the ideology and values of the Third Reich.
Design and Symbolism of the 1939 German Cross
The 1939 German Cross stood out from other German medals due to its distinctive design. It featured a eight-pointed star, reminiscent of traditional German orders, with a swastika, the emblem of the Nazi Party, prominently displayed in the center. This deliberate incorporation of the swastika underscored the inseparable link between military service and the Nazi regime.
The Design of the 1939 German Cross
Classes and Criteria for Awarding the 1939 German Cross
The 1939 German Cross was awarded in two classes: Gold and Silver. The Gold Cross recognized repeated acts of bravery or outstanding command performance, essentially exceeding the requirements for the Iron Cross First Class. The Silver Cross acknowledged those who demonstrated significant contributions to the war effort, typically through exceptional service or achievements in non-combat roles.
Gold and Silver Classes of the 1939 German Cross
Significance and Legacy of the 1939 German Cross
The 1939 German Cross held a significant place within the hierarchy of German military decorations. It was positioned above the Iron Cross First Class but below the Knight’s Cross of the Iron Cross. This ranking reflected the emphasis placed on recognizing a wider range of contributions to the war effort, beyond individual acts of heroism.
Following World War II, the display of Nazi symbols, including the swastika, became illegal in Germany and many other countries. This restriction extended to the 1939 German Cross. While the medal itself remained legal to own, wearing it in its original form with the swastika was prohibited. However, denazified versions, with the swastika removed or replaced, were permitted.
Conclusion
The 1939 German Cross serves as a tangible reminder of the complex history of World War II and the Third Reich. Its unique design, featuring the Nazi swastika, embodies the ideology of the regime that awarded it. While its public display remains restricted in many parts of the world due to its controversial symbolism, the 1939 German Cross continues to be a subject of historical study and analysis, offering insights into the military culture and values of Nazi Germany.